My name is 宜昌!这篇文章让世界重新认识我

2024-11-10 15:45   湖北文旅   .



10月16日—17日,来自全球近30个国家和地区的旅行商齐聚湖北宜昌,“知音湖北·2024全球旅行商大会”在此圆满举行,世界为“诗画宜昌”所震撼。

On October 16-17, travel agents from nearly 30 countries and regions around the world gathered in Yichang, Hubei, for the "Zhiyin Hubei · 2024 Global Travel Operators Conference",and the world was amazed by the "Poetic and Picturesque Yichang."

三峡人家风景区 图/陈明

宜昌如何让众多旅行商赞不绝口?今天,我将从中国中部重要枢纽、长江文明重要发祥地、中国旅游名城、丰富多样的入境旅游产品四个方面推介宜昌。

How does Yichang win the praise of numerous travel agents?Today, I will introduce Yichang through four lenses: its status as a pivotal hub in central China, its role as a major birthplace of Yangtze civilization, its reputation as a famous tourist city, and its variety of inbound tourism offerings.

三峡人家风景区 图/陈明

三峡人家风景区 图/方瑞

首先,从地理位置上来看,宜昌是中国中部重要枢纽。

To begin with, from the geographical perspective, Yichang is a pivotal hub in central China.

长江夜游 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

宜昌,地处中国中部,长江中上游结合部,被誉为“三峡门户”,是长江三峡旅游的重要集散地,具有显著的区域辐射力和影响力。

Yichang, located in central China at the junction of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, is crowned as the “Gateway to the Three Gorges.” It is a major distribution center for tourism in the Three Gorges area, with notable regional influence.

西陵峡 图/中国交建

宜昌还是“世界水电之都”,这里清洁能源富集,拥有世界最大的水电站——三峡电站,以及万里长江第一座大型水电站葛洲坝水电站等468座大小水电站,被誉为“中国动力心脏”。

Yichang is also known as the “City of Hydropower in the World.” This region is abundant in clean energy and houses the world’s largest hydropower facility, the Three Gorges Dam, as well as the Gezhouba Dam, which is the first large hydropower station on the Yangtze River, among a total of 468 hydropower stations of different scales. It is hailed as the “Power Heart of China.”

三峡大坝 图/三峡大坝旅游

三峡大坝 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

宜昌交通便利,区位优越,目前宜昌正加快打造全国性综合交通枢纽,4小时内可直达北京、上海、广州、深圳、成都、重庆。

Yichang is well-connected and strategically located. It is in the process of establishing itself as a national transportation hub, allowing for direct access to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, and Chongqing in under four hours.

芝茅公路 图/ 王罡 宜昌市文化和旅游局

芝茅公路 图/ 雪浪飞虹 宜昌市文化和旅游局

宜昌三峡国际机场是中国中部重要的国际门户机场,有30多条国际国内航班,现已开通韩国首尔、泰国曼谷、越南胡志明市等国际客运航线,即将开通新加坡、香港等地航线。实现了铁水公空立体交通体系的无缝衔接。

Yichang Sanxia International Airport is a major international gateway in central China, featuring more than 30 domestic and international flights. The airport currently operates international airline routes to cities like Seoul, South Korea; Bangkok, Thailand; and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, with new routes to Singapore and Hong Kong, China on the horizon. Nowadays, Yichang enables a seamless connection between rail, water, and air transport networks.

三峡国际机场 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

从整个人类文明视野来看,宜昌是长江文明重要发祥地。

In the context of human civilization, Yichang is recognized as a major cradle of the Yangtze River culture.

长阳智人 图/宜昌博物馆

屈原故里端午习俗2009年入列世界非物质文化遗产名录。图/周星亮 摄

巴山舞 图/湖北清江画廊旅游度假区

宜昌拥有2400多年的历史,人文底蕴厚重。首创种桑养蚕的嫘祖、“世界历史文化名人、浪漫主义诗人”屈原、“民族团结使者”王昭君都是宜昌人。灿烂的巴楚文化和浓郁的民俗风情,塑造了宜昌的独特魅力和无限活力。

With a history spanning more than 2,400 years, Yichang boasts a profound cultural heritage. It is home to remarkbale figures such as Leizu, who was the first to plant mulberry trees and farm silkworms; Qu Yuan, a "world historical and culture celebrity and prominent romantic poet"; and Wang Zhaojun, honored as a "messenger of ethnic unity." Yichang's unique charm and limitless vitality are shaped by the dazzling Ba and Chu culture and its rich folk customs.

昭君村古汉文化游览区 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

说到屈原,就不得不提到端午节,如今在全球近十个国家都有过端午的习俗,这个节日,就是为了纪念屈原。在宜昌秭归,一个端午要分三次过,非常隆重,比中国的春节还热闹,因此宜昌屈原故里端午习俗也被入选《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。

You can't talk about Qu Yuan without mentioning the Dragon Boat Festival. This celebration, observed in nearly ten countries today, is held in memory of Qu Yuan. In Zigui County, Yichang City, the festival is celebrated with great grandeur in three different phases, creating an atmosphere even more festive than the Chinese New Year. This is why the Dragon Boat Festival customs in Qu Yuan's hometown have been included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

屈原故里文化旅游区 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

屈原故里端午诗会 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

而宜昌另一个入选《名录》的是长盛川青砖茶制作技艺。77道工序精益求精,是耗时最长的制茶工艺,至今仍承担经济文化交流和推进“一带一路”建设的重要使命。

Another inclusion from Yichang in the list is the craftsmanship of the “Chang Sheng Chuan” brand green brick tea, a type of fermented tea. With 77 meticulous steps, it is the most time-consuming tea-making process and continues to play an important role in economic and cultural exchanges, as well as in promoting the Belt and Road Initiative.

长盛川青砖茶 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

宜昌还是中国旅游名城,拥有独一无二的世界级旅游资源。

Yichang is also a renowned tourist city in China, featuring unique world-class tourism resources.

西陵峡 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

宜昌有67个国家A级景区,其中5A级景区4处、4A级景区24处,是中国诗歌之城、中国钢琴之城、中国优秀旅游城市、中国十大秀美之城、世界自然水域漂流之都、中国脐橙之乡。

Yichang houses 67 national A-level scenic areas, including four AAAAA-class and 24 AAAA-class scenic areas. It is celebrated as the City of Poetry, the City of Pianos, China’s Outstanding Tourist City, one of the Ten Most Beautiful Cities in China, the World’s Natural River Rafting City, and China’s Navel Orange City.

西陵峡 图/宜昌文旅小红书供图

三峡大坝 图/郑家裕

长江三峡是中国最早向世界推荐的旅游线路之一,宜昌是这条黄金线路上的一颗璀璨“明珠”。

The Three Gorges on the Yangtze River is among the first tourist routes in China presented to the world, and Yichang is a sparkling "pearl" on this hot travel route.

来到宜昌,必须打卡“两坝一峡”。你可全程乘船游览葛洲坝、三峡大坝两座水电工程及西陵峡的天然风光。这条线路是宜昌的代表性线路,仅今年上半年,“两坝一峡”就接待游客近85万人次。

A trip to Yichang isn’t complete without visiting the“Two Dams and One Gorge.” You can take a scenic boat ride to explore two hydropower projects, i.e. the Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Dam, as well as the stunning views of the Xiling Gorge. This travel route is Yichang’s signature experience, and in the first half of this year alone, it welcomed nearly 850,000 visitors.

两坝一峡 图/宋金戈 宜昌市文化和旅游局

乘坐“两坝一峡”游轮,将首先途径的是葛洲坝,它是万里长江上修建的第一个大型水电站,因此被誉为“万里长江第一坝”。

When you board the cruise for viewing “Two Dams and One Gorge,” your journey begins at the Gezhouba Dam, renowned as the first major hydropower station on the Yangtze River, thus earning the nickname "The First Dam on the Yangtze River."

图/两坝一峡旅游

而“两坝一峡”中的西陵峡,是长江三峡中最长、最美的峡谷。西陵峡两岸峰峦高耸、峡江壁立,乘船游玩,就像是欣赏一幅壮美的山河画卷。

Xiling Gorge, part of the “Two Dams and One Gorge,” is the longest and most beautiful gorge among the Three Gorges. While cruising along the gorge, the towering peaks and steep river cliffs on both banks make it seem like you are gazing at a breathtaking painting of nature.

西陵峡 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

“两坝一峡”到达的终点是三峡大坝,它是全世界最大的水力发电站,它每年都能为生产和生活提供大量的清洁能源。三峡大坝旅游区还是首批国家5A级旅游景区,它将现代工程、自然风光和人文景观有机结合,全方位展示工程文化和水利文化。

The journey of “Two Dams and One Gorge” concludes at the Three Gorges Dam, the largest hydropower facility globally. Each year, it supplies a great deal of clean energy that supports production and everyday life. The Three Gorges Dam tourist area is one of the first national AAAAA-class tourist attractions. It harmoniously merges contemporary engineering, natural landscapes, and cultural elements, providing a comprehensive showcase of engineering and water conservancy cultures.

三峡人家 图/秦严 摄

三峡大瀑布主瀑 图/李守海 摄 宜昌市文化和旅游局

图/湖北清江画廊旅游度假区

宜昌是峡江风光的绝佳代表,山水相依相融,风景壮美奇秀。三峡人家、清江画廊、三峡大瀑布等景点,将让你不虚此行。

Yichang is a perfect representation of the gorge scenery in the section of the Yangtze River, where the mountains and river harmoniously coexist, offering spectacular and unique views. Attractions like the Tribe of the Three Gorges, Qing River Gallery, and Three Gorges Waterfall will ensure that your trip is well worth it.

图/三峡人家风景区

土家民俗歌舞 图/三峡人家风景区

茶盐古道 图/三峡人家风景区

三峡人家景区位于西陵峡境内,是长江三峡“新十景”之首,这里依山傍水,风情如画,历史悠久。十余个非物质文化遗产表演项目,为游客呈献一场丰盛的民间文化盛宴。

The Tribe of the Three Gorges Scenic Area, found in the area of Xiling Gorge, is recognized as the premier site among the “new ten scenic spots” of the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River. Surrounded by mountains and water, it offers picturesque views and a long history. The area features a dozen of intangible cultural heritage performances, providing tourists with a delightful feast of folk culture.

图/湖北清江画廊旅游度假区

清江画廊风景区内的武落钟离山是中国土家族的发祥地。在清江画廊乘船观清江灵山秀水,将是不错的体验。除了清江的美丽风光,你还可以观看清江流域首部室内民俗歌舞秀《花咚咚的姐》,生动形象地展示了土家族人的生活。

Wuluozhongli Mountain, located in the Qing River Gallery Scenic Area, is the birthplace of the Tujia ethnic group in China. Riding a boat on the Qing River to appreciate the stunning scenery of the mountains and water promises to be a delightful experience. Apart from the gorgeous landscapes, you can also enjoy Hua Dongdong’s Sister, the first indoor folk performance in the Qing River basin, which compellingly depicts the daily life of Tujia people.

图/三峡大瀑布风景区

三峡大瀑布飞珠溅玉 图/三峡大瀑布风景区

巴人战鼓   图/三峡大瀑布

三峡大瀑布是“中国十大名瀑”之一,溪流全长5公里,沿途分布着30多道瀑布,水势磅礴绝美,形态各异,让人目不暇接。

The Three Gorges Waterfall ranks among “China's Top Ten Famous Waterfalls.” It extends for five kilometers, dotted with over 30 waterfalls that showcase spectacular and varying forms, making it a feast for the eyes.

屈原故里 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

昭君村景区 图/青春兴山

宜昌是长江文明的重要发祥地,你可以在此领略屈原文化、巴楚文化的独特魅力。屈原故里景区、昭君村、车溪民俗风景区、三峡千古情景区可不能错过。

Yichang is a significant birthplace of Yangtze River civilization, where you can experience the unique charm of Qu Yuan culture, as well as Ba and Chu culture. Don’t miss visiting attractions like the Hometown of Qu Yuan Tourist Area, Zhaojun Village Scenic Area, Chexi Folk Custom Tour Site, and Sanxia Romance Park.

屈原故里 图/九畹溪一屈原故里

屈原故里 图/橙子融媒

屈原故里 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

屈原故里景区有‌屈原祠、‌端午习俗馆等,在这里你可以体验纯正的端午文化,感受屈原精神和浪漫的民俗风情。

At the Hometown of Qu Yuan Tourist Area, you will find the Qu Yuan Temple and the Dragon Boat Festival Customs Hall, allowing you to experience the essence of Dragon Boat Festival culture and feel the spirit of Qu Yuan intertwined with the romantic local traditions.

图/昭君旅游

图/昭君村景区

图/兴山文旅

在昭君村,你可以去探寻昭君遗址遗迹和汉代自然生态景观,感受独特的地方文化和汉代宫廷仕女文化。

At Zhaojun Village Scenic Area, you can discover the remains of the Zhaojun site and the natural scenery from the Han Dynasty, immersing yourself in the distinctive local culture and palace women's culture in Han Dynasty.

图/车溪民俗风景区

在车溪民俗风景区,可以观看土家歌舞和原生态民俗表演,领略古老的巴楚民风。

At the Chexi Folk Custom Tour Site, you have the opportunity to watch Tujia singing and dancing, along with original folk performances, experiencing the ancient customs of Ba and Chu.

三峡千古情 图/陈明 宜昌市文化和旅游局

走进三峡千古情景区,穿越街、花街、市井街、风情街的美轮美奂,穿越快闪、抛绣球招婿等花式节目,让人像是走进了三峡秘境,不经意邂逅一段奇妙的荆楚风情。

When you walk into the Sanxia Romance Park, you'll find yourself surrounded by the breathtaking sights of the time-travel street, flower street, main street, and customs street. Engaging performances like time-travel flash mobs and traditional embroidered ball-throwing make it seem like you've stepped into a hidden wonderland of the Three Gorges, encountering the delightful flavors of Jingchu culture.

三峡盛典 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

以三峡为主题的全景式沉浸穿越剧《三峡盛典》,不得不看!这部剧以峡江后人——三峡大坝工程师穿越时空的对话为背景,将纤夫爱情、屈原求索、昭君出塞、峡江保卫战等元素融入其中,呈现了宜昌多维的文化记忆。

The panoramic immersive time-travel stage drama Three Gorges (Stage Drama), themed around the Three Gorges, is a must-see! Set against the backdrop of a dialogue of an engineer of the Three Gorges Dam from present time, a descendant of a Three Gorges family, as he travels through time, it weaves together elements of love stories of boat trackers, Qu Yuan's quest, Wang Zhaojun's departure to the border, and the defense of Xiajiang (a section of the Yangtze River), showcasing the diverse cultural memories of Yichang.

玉泉塔 图/艾远明 摄

朝阳湖 图/周汉华 摄

许多三国故事都发生在宜昌,行走于三国故地,重温历史传奇,你可以感受到中华历史文化的厚重。

Yichang is the setting for many stories from the Three Kingdoms period. Walking through this historic land and reliving the legendary stories allows you to appreciate the profound essence of Chinese history and culture.

当阳关陵 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

全国三大关庙之一的当阳关陵,是世界上唯一一座帝陵规制的关庙,这里植根、延绵的关公文化、信义文化深入人心,影响深远。

Located in Dangyang, Guanling is one of the three significant temples of Guang Yu, a general from the Three Kingdoms period, in China and is unique as it follows the design principles of an imperial tomb. The enduring culture of Guan Yu and the emphasis on loyalty and righteousness here resonate deeply with people and have a lasting influence.

赵子龙塑像 图/周星亮 摄

长坂坡是著名的三国古战场之一,三国时期的长坂坡之战发生在这里。

Changbanpo is a renowned ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms era, where the historic Battle of Changbanpo took place.

玉泉山风景区 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

玉泉山景区是以森林景观为基础、三国遗迹为依托,融自然景观和人文景观于一体的综合性旅游景区。

Yuquan Mountain Tourism Area is a comprehensive tourist attraction based on forest scenery and supported by relics from the Three Kingdoms, incorporating a variety of other natural and cultural features.

三峡国际房车露营地 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

青林明珠温泉 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

半坡雅望民宿 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

出门旅游,除了欣赏自然山水、感受人文历史,休闲娱乐也少不了。宜昌也是康养度假的胜地,民宿、露营、滑雪、温泉等业态丰富。

Except for appreciating natural scenery and exploring culture and history, Yichang is also a resort for entertainment and health care, with rich leisure and tourism sector of homestays, camping, skiing, hot springs and so on.

图/百里荒景区

百里荒景区被誉为“中国南方草场”,有草场风光,有游牧休闲项目,是独具特色的生态草场旅游风景区。

Recognized as the “Alpine Grassland of Southern China,” the Bailihuang Scenic Area offers picturesque grassland views and various nomadic leisure activities, making it a one-of-a-kind ecotourism destination.

图/宜昌高岚朝天吼景区

朝天吼漂流是中国自然水域漂流示范基地,也是夏季清凉避暑好去处。

Chaotianhou Rafting is a demonstration base for natural water rafting in China and a fantastic place to cool off during the summer.

图/宜昌五峰国际滑雪场

来五峰国际滑雪场,你可以体验冬季滑雪运动的刺激与畅快。

At the Wufeng International Ski Resort, you can experience the thrill and excitement of winter skiing.

宜昌肥鱼 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

郑信记凉虾 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

三游鸡 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

宜昌肥鱼、宜昌凉虾、十大名菜、经典小吃等美食,传递着地道的宜昌滋味,绽放着舌尖上的巴楚风情,保证让你回味无穷。

The culinary delights of Yichang, including fatty fish, cold shrimp jelly, top ten famous dishes, and represented  snacks, capture the authentic taste of the region, showcasing the flavors of Ba and Chu and ensuring you’ll savor every bite.

萝卜饺子 图/宋金戈

矮子馅饼 图/西陵发布

宜昌入境旅游产品丰富多样,一直以来受到海内外游客的欢迎。此次活动,宜昌市文化和旅游局策划了四大入境游产品,分别为:世纪工程之旅、三峡风情之旅、长江秘境之旅、巴楚文化之旅。

Yichang's inbound tourism offerings are varied and have long been favored by travelers from home and abroad. For this event, the Yichang Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism has developed four key inbound tourism offerings: Millennium Project Journey, Three Gorges Flair Experience, Journey to Mysterious Realms of the Yangtze River, and Ba and Chu Culture Journey.

三峡人家 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

两坝一峡 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

首先,向大家介绍一日游·世纪工程之旅。这条精品线路可以乘坐“两坝一峡”长江游轮游览葛洲坝、西陵峡和三峡大坝,还可以顺道去屈原故里。

First up is the Millennium Project Journey. This quality travel route features a “Two Dams and One Gorge” cruise on the Yangtze River, allowing you to visit the Gezhouba Dam, Xiling Gorge, and Three Gorges Dam, while also making a stop at Qu Yuan's hometown.

三峡人家 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

除此之外,一日游还可选择去三峡人家景区,三峡人家景区内容非常丰富,游玩通常需要一天时间。

Besides that, the one-day tour can include a trip to the Tribe of the Three Gorges Scenic Area, which is packed with a wealth of experiences and typically takes a full day to visit.

长江三峡 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

随后向大家介绍的是二日游·三峡风情之旅。这条线路包含两天的行程,体现了浓郁的三峡风情。你可以登临三峡大坝旅游区,再去看三峡大瀑布,晚上乘坐游轮欣赏宜昌的璀璨夜景。乘船游览清江画廊景区,观看《花咚咚的姐》演出。

Next up is the Three Gorges Flair Experience. This travel itinerary consists of two days filled with the local flair of the Three Gorges area. On the first day, you’ll visit the Three Gorges Dam Tourist Area, then proceed to see the Three Gorges Waterfall, and enjoy a cruise to admire Yichang’s sparkling night views in the evening. On the second day, you'll take a boat tour of the Qing River  Gallery Scenic Resort and watch the show Hua Dongdong’s Sister.

清江画廊 图/ 宜昌市文化和旅游局

还有三日游·长江秘境之旅。这条线路包含三天的行程,浓缩了峡江风光的精华。看三峡大坝,随后在三峡千古情景区看演出。去西陵峡口景区、三峡人家景区,还可以夜宿百里荒景区赴浪漫的星空之约。游览百里荒景区、昭君村、朝天吼漂流。

We also offer a Journey to Mysterious Realms of the Yangtze River. This travel itinerary includes three days packed with the highlights of the gorge landscapes. On the first day, you will see the Three Gorges Dam and then enjoy a performance at the Sanxia Romance Park. The second day allows you to visit the Xiling Gorge and the Tribe of the Three Gorges Scenic Area, with an overnight stay at the Bailihuang Scenic Area to enjoy a romantic evening under the stars. On the final day, you’ll visit Bailihuang Scenic Area, Zhaojun Village Scenic Area, and experience the Chaotianhou rafting adventure.

图/ 宜昌百里荒旅游度假区

最后是四日游·巴楚文化之旅。这条线路包括四天的行程,巴楚文化、峡江文化、三国文化于此荟萃,交相辉映。乘长江游轮游览“两坝一峡”,从车溪景区到三峡千古情景区,在当阳关陵、长坂坡、玉泉山风景区,晚上观看《三峡盛典》演出,去兴山昭君村,玩朝天吼漂流。

Finally, we introduce the Ba and Chu Culture Journey. This travel itinerary spans four days and brings together the cultures of Ba and Chu, Xiajiang, and Three Kingdoms. On the first day, take a scenic cruise on the Yangtze River to see “Two Dams and One Gorge.” The second day features a journey to the Chexi Folk Custom Tour Site and the Sanxia Romance Park. The third day includes stops at Guangling, Changbanpo, and the Yuquan Mountain Scenic Area in Dangyang, capped off by attending the Three Gorges (Stage Drama) performance in the evening. On the fourth day, visit Zhaojun Village Scenic Area in Xingshan County and enjoy a thrilling Chaotianhou rafting experience.

玉泉山风景名胜区 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

除了刚刚介绍的宜昌入境的四大产品,其实宜昌还可以和周边旅游资源串联成线。以宜昌为中心,有四条跨区域线路可供选择。往西走水路坐游轮由宜昌到重庆,可以饱览长江三峡风光;走陆路从宜昌经过恩施到重庆,可以领略巴楚风情。往东由宜昌过荆州去武汉,可以体验荆楚文化。朝南从宜昌到张家界,可以感受中国山水之美。向北从宜昌—兴山—神农架—武当山—西安,可以一路探索未知秘境,走读半部中国。

Besides the four main offerings discussed for travelers arriving in Yichang, the city can also connect with surrounding travel resources to create an integrated itinerary. With Yichang as the starting point, there are four regional routes can be chosed availably. Travel along the water on a cruise from Yichang to Chongqing to enjoy the picturesque scenery of the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River. Alternatively, take the land route from Yichang through Enshi to Chongqing to experience the culture of Ba and Chu. To the east, take the route from from Yichang to Jingzhou and then on to Wuhan to discover the Jingchu culture. Heading south to Zhangjiajie from Yichang provides an opportunity to appreciate the stunning natural landscapes of China. For a northern route from Yichang to Xingshan, Shennongjia, Wudang Mountains, and then ultimately Xi’an, you can explore unknown realms and delve into half of China’s history.

高峡平湖 图/宜昌市文化和旅游局

宜昌的美说不完,看不尽。祝愿大家在接下来的几天中收获满满,未来让更多游客走进宜昌、感受宜昌、爱上宜昌。大美三峡在宜昌!宜昌,欢迎您!

Yichang's beauty is beyond words and sights. I wish a rewarding experience for everyone in the coming days, and may more visitors discover Yichang, experience its charm, and fall in love with it. The splendid Three Gorges await you in Yichang! Welcome to Yichang!

季节性景区营业时间请以景区官方信息为准。